Naval

@navalr

共 269 期 · 已译制 2 期

17:46

播客新形式来袭! 与三位前沿创始人对话:Guillermo Rauch(Vercel)、Blake Scholl(Boom Sonic)和Max Hodak(Science)。 00:00 三位前沿创始人 01:27 AI软件工厂 04:15 消耗代币,节省时间 05:47 模型指导人类 09:30 纯软件已死? 12:04 你不再被困住 文字记录:nav.al/tokens

40:11

播客文字记录:http://nav.al/kapil。卡皮尔:http://twitter.com/KapilGuptaMD。 精彩要点: - 真诚 - 纳瓦尔:“我总能看出,那些索要股票建议的人,并非真正对投资认真。那些索要书单的人,并非真正对阅读认真。那些问‘我该做什么生意?’的人,并非真正对创业认真。” - 方法论 - 卡皮尔:“以某个‘功成名就’并在其领域达到世界顶尖水平的人为例。如果他回到过去,重走一遍自己的路,用完全相同的方式再做一次,但这次是模仿自己,他会失败。” 纳瓦尔:“我无法看着罗杰·费德勒打网球,然后用同样的方式挥拍;他关于如何挥拍的任何描述,也无法让我正确挥拍。再来看智力活动。我们开始问沃伦·巴菲特为什么投资某家公司,他会尝试构建一个关于他如何思考、如何投资公司的思维框架……但巴菲特在决定投资什么、如何生活、如何思考时,其活动中的细节,与费德勒在网球场上奔跑、击球时的身体细节一样多。在某种程度上,这些细节是无法传递的,无法复制。” 卡皮尔:“你做得最出色的事情,恰恰是你不知道如何做到的事情。” - 真相 - 纳瓦尔:“社会是一套我们共同相信的集体谎言,以便我们能和睦相处。它让我们建立一种较低的共同认知底线,这样我们就不会互相残杀,能够合作。这些为了社会运转而必须维持的共享虚构,本身没问题。但这是有代价的,而代价由个人承担。” 纳瓦尔:“我知道自己在发现真理的一个标志是,那个问题从此被彻底解决了。” - 自由 - 卡皮尔:“任何导致渴望更多自由的自由,都不是真正的自由。” 卡皮尔:“自由源于对事物根源的理解,而非有意识地试图终结它们。” - 进步 - 卡皮尔:“人会变成他所处的环境。因此,极其关键的一点是,要像外科手术般精准、毫不留情地安排自己的环境,使其与自己的目标方向一致。” 卡皮尔:“追求进步本质上是在追求愉悦。这是一种自我形象带来的愉悦,它告诉你:我现在比过去更好了。”

1:07:53

Naval与三位未来生活的创始人:Garry Tan (Y Combinator)、Daniel Francis (Abel Police) 和 Farbood Nivi (A-LIST)。 00:00 嘉宾介绍 02:35 生活在未来 03:58 AI会超越我们吗? 07:43 在Anthropic的救济线 09:59 科技精灵已出瓶 12:33 我们投资了新冠?! 14:25 好文章就是新颖 18:50 像2028年一样生活 24:32 Truth dot ai 30:18 中国有权重吗? 35:38 人人都有AI焦虑 39:32 让你的代理和我的代理交谈 42:01 如果开源领先会怎样? 44:03 Google的日落 48:00 驾驭AGI 50:46 还会有初创公司吗? 54:05 保卫台湾 1:00:05 加州帝国 1:01:26 如果美国倒塌 1:03:11 通用基本机器人 1:06:01 人类作为AI处理者 永久链接:http://nav.al/future

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重返代码

1:19

有了代理,你再也不会卡住了。——Max Hodak

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1:26

不要把Token看作输入或输出。只看你的时间和最终输出。——Naval

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AI软件工厂

1:12

“显然现在有100倍或1000倍的工程师。世界尚未适应。” —— Guillermo Rauch (Vercel) Guillermo: 我一直对软件工厂这个想法很着迷。过去,你直接输出产品,公司内部衡量的是A在输出B方面有多好?而现在,我评判你作为工程师的方式是,你是否在建造一个能产生乘法输出B到Z的工厂,对吧? 我们曾经相信,并且曾经有些争议,存在10倍工程师。现在显然有100倍或1000倍的工程师。世界还没有完全适应这一点。 @naval: 我过去在Twitter上说存在10倍工程师时曾被围攻,因为这与许多平等哲学——人人平等——相悖。但现实是,当你在思想领域——在智力领域和虚拟数字领域——工作时,甚至不是10倍。而是100倍或1000倍,而且一直如此。 Satoshi,Notch,发明JavaScript的人,那些Brendan Eich们,John Carmack。这些都是1000倍的程序员。 更不用说,如果你选择正确的事情去做而不是错误的事情,那是无穷大的差异。而且可能不一定是一个更好的程序员,只是他一开始就做出了更好的判断。 现在显然争议少了,因为有了AI杠杆。

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1:10:02

完整版,末尾新增20分钟内容。嘉宾:Guillermo Rauch (Vercel)、Blake Scholl (Boom Supersonic)、Max Hodak (Science)。 软件工厂、垂直整合、监管前沿与自主公司。 第一部分:浪费代币,节省时间 00:00 三位前沿创始人 01:27 AI软件工厂 04:15 浪费代币,节省时间 05:47 模型指导人类 09:29 纯软件已死? 12:03 你不再卡壳 第二部分:氛围编码硬件 14:39 氛围编码涡轮叶片 18:07 开源加剧中国优势 20:15 你总是想要最聪明的模型 22:44 软件仍需双手 24:43 人类正成为验证者 第三部分:监管前沿 27:53 监管红皇后竞赛 32:32 医疗为何缺乏创新 36:49 我们需要真正的50州实验 40:31 中国FDA正超越我们 43:37 医疗是资本主义内部的共产主义社会 45:57 Sid的故事:N-of-1医学 第四部分:自主公司 47:49 自主基础设施 51:25 你的工作是训练智能体 54:54 下一部《指环王》 59:08 你对艺术的定义是什么? 1:05:00 AI能产生新想法吗? 1:07:03 大量小型团队 文字记录:http://nav.al/industrial

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唯一的出路

0:52

悲观很容易。乐观需要想象力。 唯一的出路 一部播客电影

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2:00

“我们生活在非线性回报的时代。所以在馅饼完全烤好之前,争夺小块的馅饼毫无意义,尤其是在科技行业。” ——Naval “我们生活在非线性回报的时代。未来的收益总是更大,而且收益可以是100倍、1000倍、10000倍。 所以在馅饼完全烤好之前,争夺小块的馅饼毫无意义,尤其是在科技行业。任何在这个行业待过一段时间的人都会告诉你,收益遵循幂律分布:他们的头号赢家价值超过第二名到第N名的总和。 第二名又比第三名到第N名的总和更大,以此类推。在投资中,这意味着你在寻找那个一击制胜的结果。你不是在寻找那些早早被卖出的公司。即使是一次成功的出售,它仍然不会是幂律分布中的第一名或第二名。 同样,当你做交易时,最重要的是你的时间。你必须保持你的时间和选择权的可用性。所以如果你要放弃这些,那只有在你认为这件事能让你的时间或资本获得100倍或1000倍的回报时才有意义。 所以争夺小块战利品毫无意义。这根本说不通。 不过,有时候大块战利品出现了,然后刀光剑影就来了,你会看到人们变得贪婪。在这种情况下,你确实需要保护自己。不幸的是,商业是战争的其他形式,所以这种情况确实会发生。 我不会说一切都风平浪静,大家和睦相处。很多时候你会被坑,你必须为自己站出来——有时仅仅是为了原则,以免将来再被利用。但总的来说,我认为你应该专注于收益,并保护你的时间、声誉和心理健康——你的平静。 所以,如果你处于被利用的境地,并且你知道如果不解决这个问题,未来一年你将夜不能寐,那么你必须战斗。但如果你觉得,‘我可以离开这件事,我可以找回我的时间,我知道以后不再和这些人合作’,或者‘我知道这些利益太小,不值得为之争斗’,那么你就不要去做。 总的来说,我认为人们花了太多时间在小利益上斤斤计较,而没有足够的时间专注于大收益。而大收益才是关键所在。”

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2:22

“生活中所有的框架——你的锻炼框架、销售框架,甚至开发应用的框架——都远远次于你的动力。” —— @naval “如果你对某件事不感到兴奋,那你为什么要卖它?如果你卖的是你不在乎的东西,那生活将很悲惨。 所以对我来说,销售是可信度的副产品,显然,能言善辩和有同理心会有帮助。 至于实际的销售技巧,我知道整个Cialdini清单。我可能偶尔会用一次。但我不会为了接近别人而刻意在邮件或推销中塞满随意的评论。生活中所有的框架——无论是你的锻炼框架、销售框架,还是开发应用的框架——都次于你的动力,而且是远远次于。 如果你真正有动力去开发一个应用,你会自己想办法。如果你真正有动力去创建一家企业,你会自己想办法。商学院、商业书籍、应用开发之类的东西,都是次要的。你可以事后用它们来分析已经发生的事情,然后说,‘哦,我就是这么做的。’ 但现实是,你会因为受到激励而去做。这里也有一条微妙的界限。如果你是那种需要一直读励志推文、听励志播客的人,那你可能也成不了事,因为你在某种程度上必须自我激励。 就像叔本华曾经说过的,阅读的意义在于引火——点燃你大脑中的火焰。我想说,同样地,被激励的意义也在于引火——点燃你心中的火焰。如果那团火点不燃,那你就会一直听励志播客,直到永远。 读商业书籍毫无价值。甚至商业播客对我来说也只是一种娱乐,在我刷牙或跑步的时候听听。它们不是真正学习有用东西的方式。如果你想学点有用的,唯一的方法就是去做。并且带着热情、执着和真诚去做。”

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1:50

“尝过自由的滋味,会让你变得无法被雇佣。” ——纳瓦尔 “管理是告诉人们该做什么,而领导是让他们心甘情愿去做。我认为领导力是一个组织必须推动的核心要素之一。你必须激励人们去完成工作,但这不能是虚假的。 它必须是一个真正的驱动力,与他们的能力和个人目标——他们想要从生活中得到什么——相结合。所以你必须花时间去倾听这些人想要什么,然后找出与你想要完成的事情之间的重叠之处,再激励他们去实现。 安托万·德·圣-埃克苏佩里有一句名言。他说:‘如果你想造一艘船,不要只是召集人手,发号施令,砍伐木材,点燃火堆。相反,要教会他们渴望浩瀚无垠的大海。’ 所以,当我招募某人时,我总是向他们推销我认为正确的理念——这是诚实的、真实的——那就是初创公司是更好的创业方式,更好的生活方式,也比大公司有趣得多。你不是机器中的一颗螺丝钉。你有更多的自主权。你有更多的乐趣。你可以赚更多的钱。是的,短期内会很辛苦,但从长远来看,一旦你做过初创公司,就很难再去大公司工作了。 一旦你习惯了高度自主或为自己工作,就很难在传统意义上被雇佣。我认为我最受欢迎的推文之一是:‘尝过自由的滋味,会让你变得无法被雇佣。’这就是我的意思,尤其是对那些有才华、有技能且自我驱动的人来说。 并非所有人都如此,但如果你是那种自我驱动、积极主动的人,一旦你体验过自由,你就会变得无法被雇佣。就像一个在家上学的孩子变得无法适应学校一样。他们只是尝到了自由的滋味。当你不再自由时,你无法发挥出最佳水平。”

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1:23

“不要追求平衡。滋养你的(良性)痴迷。” ——@NavalR “氛围编程只是我最近的痴迷。我有一种痴迷的性格。每六个月我就会对某样新事物产生痴迷,随着时间的推移,我了解到有不好的痴迷——比如,如果你暴饮暴食,或者吸毒,或者玩太多电子游戏——那就是不良痴迷。但也有良性痴迷。智力上的痴迷就是良性痴迷。所以我学会了滋养我的智力痴迷。 我会刻意沉溺其中。我不追求平衡。我追求滋养自己的痴迷。然后当痴迷阶段过去时,就像它不可避免的那样——你对那件事有点厌倦了——它的大部分会伴随你一生。 所以我想说,沉溺于你的痴迷吧。不用担心商业书籍。比如如果你想擅长销售,那就找到你真正在意且想要销售的东西,然后去推销它。这样就不会难。它不会让你感觉像在做销售。如果让你觉得是在推销,那你可能卖错了东西。 但如果你只是对它充满热情,如果你只是在传达你的热情,而且你无法控制自己,那么你就找到了正确要卖的东西。”

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我不卖

2:08

“我不卖。 人类天生就抗拒被推销。” — @NavalR “我其实不相信销售。如果你觉得有人在向你推销,如果你感觉自己被推销了,那会让人反感。人类天生就抗拒被推销。所以我认为更重要的是可信度。可信度远比销售重要。如果你想擅长‘销售’,那么你真正想要的其实是变得可信。 你希望人们信任你。你希望成为那个引导人们避开糟糕交易、糟糕社区和糟糕房子的房地产经纪人,这样当合适的机会出现时,他们会信任你。你真的必须放下自我,设身处地为对方着想,弄清楚他们想要什么。 一旦你弄清楚他们想要什么,你就可以‘做成这笔交易’。 但我不是那种你可以找他来完成销售指标的人,比如每周或每月必须卖出50套软件。但我可以告诉你的是,你一生中最想打动的人是那些能看穿你的人。 他们会看穿你的销售策略;他们会看穿你的推销说辞。而这些人是最顶尖的。所以如果你想和最顶尖的人合作,如果你想成功销售最大的东西,那么你必须非常可信。 而要变得可信,你必须真实。你必须说实话。你必须知识渊博。他们必须能够信任你,相信你不是只做对自己有利的事——你在考虑长远。你诚实。你了解自己谈论的内容,并且能简单明了地解释清楚。 因为没有人是万事通。他们无法迅速跟上节奏,所以你必须想办法用类比的方式传达给他们,但这并不总是有效。你不能执着于结果。你不可能向所有人推销一切。我知道有一种模式确实有效,有些人非常激进。 他们就像:‘永不放弃。继续猛攻。继续坚持。不断敲打,最终你会突破。’ 我不是那种人——我很懒。我喜欢去容易的地方,所以如果我的‘销售’或我的推销没有引起某人的共鸣,我就会继续前进。我立刻继续前进,继续寻找那个能与之共鸣的人。”

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0:54

"如果你真的恨一个人,未来一架无人机就能找到他。" – @NavalR “我认为无人机仍然未被充分利用,尽管它们最近在战场上崭露头角。我们远未看到无人机的终极形态。我并没有特别想弄清楚什么。 我的意思是,我认为无人机防御将非常困难,因为攻击型无人机既有动能优势——因为它从上方俯冲——又有突袭优势,攻击者可以将所有攻击无人机集中在一个区域,而防御者总是兵力分散。防御者有一个优势,那就是短距离。防御者向上飞行的距离比攻击无人机可能飞来的距离要短得多。 但我认为无人机战争改变了社会中暴力的结构。因此,它实际上将从根本上改变军队和整个国家的架构方式。 你可以说现代国家是步枪的产物,因为步枪让一个曾经的农民能够在战场上击倒封建骑士。然后你需要工厂来制造步枪,你必须训练火枪手,武装他们并训练他们。于是民族国家兴起并取代封建国家,成为适合这种结构的组织形式。 而在核武器时代之后,只有七到九个真正独立的主权国家,其他所有人都生活在某个国家的核保护伞下。所以这七到九个说了算,无论是在安理会还是其他地方。 因此,核武器是1945年后暴力的新逻辑。 现在,暴力的最新逻辑是无人机。这将再次从根本上改变游戏规则,因为无人机将相互确保摧毁的逻辑降到了个人层面。如果你真的恨一个人,未来一架无人机就能找到他。这是一种即将出现的奇怪暴力形式,它将基本上重塑我们所知的社会。 我不知道它会走向何方。是少数几个非常强大的国家控制所有无人机?还是无人机变得如此民主化,以至于任何个人都能致命?”

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销售真相

27:41

00:00 可信度 03:18 “是的,而且” 04:31 自私的诚实 05:37 魅力是自信加爱 07:56 不要管理,要领导 11:16 一起狩猎 14:51 滋养你的(好的)痴迷 18:57 销售真相 21:07 好交易或不做交易 23:39 非线性回报的时代 -- 文字记录:http://nav.al/sell USVC 是 AngelList 的产品,我们是创始人并持有股权。

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2:59

“If I want an app, I literally open up Claude on my phone. I can operate a remote terminal, which is running on my desktop, or I can just use Claude in the cloud. It can connect to Xcode. I give it a two-line description. It builds me an app. It ships it to my app store. I open my app store app. The app is sitting there. I click install. 30 seconds later, I have a working app on my phone. That’s magical. You can literally be at dinner with someone having a conversation, they describe some app they want, you can describe it to Claude, and five minutes later you’re showing them that app on your phone. That’s why I say it’s kind of the beginning of the end for Apple, because Apple relies on their OS and their apps being better than everybody else’s. The hardware, yes, it’s better, but it doesn’t support their margins and their monopoly, or pseudo-monopoly. So when all your communication starts going through Claude, or through Codex, or through some other agent, when all you’re doing all day long is instead of opening an Uber app, you’re saying, “Call me an Uber,” or instead of opening a workout app, you’re saying, “Where’s my workout app? Track my workout. Make no mistakes,” right? Then you are just communicating with the agent, and when that happens, then the need for a phone becomes much smaller and smaller. Maybe there’s a few banking apps and government apps that haven’t ported and don’t have the proper APIs. But these agents don’t even need APIs. They can figure out and create their own APIs on the fly. The use case stops being your interfacing with your iPhone or your Android phone. Instead, you’re just interfacing with the AI model. And now Apple is using Gemini, which is Google’s AI model. So what’s the difference? I might as well just use an Android phone, because all I need at that point is I need a screen, I need battery, and I need connectivity. And Android’s got that just fine. And then the apps and user interfaces are being created on the fly for what I need. And yes, for certain things, there will always be best-of-breed user interfaces and you’ll want some familiarity. But even the era of tap, tap, tap, upgrade your system software, drag this over here, hunt for that button, type into that field, all that is going away. It should all be conversational. It should all be agentic. And in that world, Apple loses a lot of its advantages, and then it’s competing purely on, “Oh yeah, we have the best chips and we have the best integrated hardware.” But that’s not the same margins as Apple of today. That’s more like the margins that Samsung or Lenovo makes, which is not the margins that Apple wants to have. As a consequence, I think its market cap will compress. I think Apple giving up on AI will go down as the biggest strategic mistake in the tech industry of this decade, and it’s the beginning of the end of Apple’s dominance. ” -- Full Episode: https://youtu.be/lIUEJqIDPcA

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1:42

“另外,在我正在构建的应用中,我设置了一个错误报告基础设施。如果有人发现错误,他们点击一个按钮,错误就会将日志发送到服务器并归档。然后,我让Claude每24小时检查所有错误报告,它会自动修复所有问题,无需我干预。它会将所有修复内容放入分支供我审查。 我只需要审查这些修复,然后说:‘啊,这其实不是个错误。这个修复不好。别发布这个。’ ‘哦,这个看起来不错。有道理。发布吧。’ 我只是决定最终发布内容的最后一道关卡。最终,你会看到应用以这种方式按功能构建:用户会提出功能需求,他们会投票,然后云端会有某个品味制定者或维护者查看这些需求,说:‘不,用户不知道他们想要什么。’ 或者:‘哦,这很有道理。我们应该修复或改变这个。’ 所以我认为,即使是软件开发也会成为与用户协作的过程,而代理将处理所有事情。因为从某种意义上说,代理可以提供完美的客户服务。如果你的客户服务是完美的,那么你的客服人员也会是一位出色的程序员,并且不知疲倦。他们会全天候在线,编写代码、修复错误、回复用户,而且如果他们写了很多代码来修复一个错误,而你却把它们全部丢弃,他们也不会有任何情绪。所以我觉得这种功能非常吸引人。现在,你真的可以拥有一人或两人的软件公司,它们可以扩展到数百万用户,并赚取数十亿美元。 这在过去已经发生过,比如Notch和Satoshi Nakamoto,以及像最初的Instagram团队那样的小团队,他们用很少的人就产生了巨大影响,或者最初的WhatsApp团队。但我认为,你会越来越多地看到这种情况。” 完整剧集:https://youtu.be/lIUEJqIDPcA

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2:21

“正如人们所说,人工智能是一种锯齿状智能,它在某些方面极其聪明,而在另一些方面又极其愚蠢。而且它的结构与人类截然不同——当你使用Claude时,你使用的是同一个AI模型,即使你同时运行10个实例。所以10个实例互相交流并不会像10个人类互相交流那样真正改善其思考,因为那些人类是在10个不同的数据集上训练的。 人类天生就非常有创造力,思维不受限制。而AI代理是在相同的数据分布上训练的。它们实际上运行的是同一个模型。这就像10个拥有相同大脑和相同数据集的人在互相交谈。当然,仅仅通过热力学,他们可能会有一些不同的想法,得出略有不同的结果,但总体上他们的想法会是相同的。所以当你让10个代理互相交谈时,你只是在用10倍的token数量去处理问题。这就像说如果需要的话,花10倍的时间。 现在有不同的模型,比如Codex、Gemini和Grok Code,它们的训练方式略有不同。虽然差别不大,但确实有些不同。因此它们可能会有一些不同的见解。 Claude通过一个名为Artifacts的系统拥有非常好的视觉呈现能力,而且Claude非常擅长根据我的水平与我交流。它非常擅长从你的问题和对话中判断你能够理解什么,以及你在什么层次上提问。它非常擅长与你保持在同一水平。 ChatGPT仍然是元老。它在各方面都非常出色。 Gemini非常擅长搜索,因为它底层有Google的爬虫。这是一个令人沮丧的产品——它在应用上经常超时,失去连接,忘记上下文。但它非常快,并且拥有出色的搜索索引。所以如果我问的问题本质上是一个搜索问题,我就会用Gemini。 Gemini还能访问YouTube。所以如果你认为答案藏在某个YouTube视频里——而YouTube上有大量视频——那么Gemini就拥有YouTube的数据优势。所以Gemini实际上是靠数据优势取胜的。对我来说,它感觉不是最好的模型,但它拥有最好的底层数据。 而Grok是我可以信赖的、会告诉我真相的模型。它就像是最少被阉割、最少被削弱的那一个。它能访问X,所以非常擅长新闻。而且它非常擅长技术问题。所以如果你在科学/数学领域提出一个深奥的难题,我认为Grok实际上相当不错——不是说其他模型不行,但我认为Grok在这方面很突出。这反映了创造、训练和驱动它们的公司的偏见。 目前,四个领先的前沿模型各有其用武之地。” 完整节目:https://youtu.be/lIUEJqIDPcA

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2:46

“Naval: There’s never been a better time to be alive as a creator of software. Now, are the same market opportunities still there? That’s a big question. They’re shifting very, very fast. It may be the case that the big companies are vulnerable because now anyone can create software. It may be the case that they have more of an advantage because they have distribution. They can just fill all the gaps with all the software they can dream up. But I actually think this is a renaissance for individual software creators. Now, one other tweet that I put out was something like, “There’s no market for venture-backed software anymore,” or, “Pure software is not venture investable anymore.” Nivi: I think it was like, “Pure software is rapidly becoming uninvestable,” if I remember correctly. Naval: Yeah, that’s a watered-down version of what I really wanted to say, which is that pure software is uninvestable. I would just full stop right there. If your whole advantage is like, “Hey, I’m building cool software that other people don’t know how to build,” I think that’s uninvestable. And it’s uninvestable for two reasons. One is they can just hack it together today. And the second is the coding agents are getting better so quickly that within a year, or even less, they’ll probably be building scalable software with good architecture. So I think we’re going to see leaps and bounds improvements. That genie is out of the bottle. So if you’re a venture investor now, you’re looking for hardware, you’re looking for network effects, you’re looking for AI models. And I would argue that training AI models is the new building software for however long that lasts until autoresearch and autotraining starts working. But I think vibe coding, it’s more fun than playing video games. It’s more productive. It’s more constructive. It has better feedback loops. You build something you want. You’re at the bleeding edge of technology. You may even make some money or career out of it—although careers are kind of dead—but you may make an interesting opportunity out of it. And you learn a lot about computers just by doing. I’ve seen kids who are vibe coding. It’s hard to get kids to program. You can throw Swift Playgrounds and ScratchJr and all of that at them and hope that they pick up coding. But if you throw vibe coding at them, they’re going to get instant feedback and instant rewards. Maybe along the way they’ll pick up fundamentals because these things still require some skill to operate. And in the process of operating them, you’ll be forced to figure out the command line; and you’ll be forced to figure out how basic computer architecture works; and you’ll be forced to figure out concepts like caching, and backing off in a network, and sharing streams, and writing to disk; and latency versus bandwidth trade-offs, et cetera, and all of those things. So you’ll be forced to learn some basics of computer algorithms and architecture. And it’s just a fun way to go. I’ve been up late nights, probably spending a couple hours every night—the time that used to go into reading, or doomscrolling, or playing video games—is all now in vibe coding. In fact, that’s why I haven’t been active on X recently. I’ve been completely missing on X because I’m buried in Claude and Codex.” Full episode: https://youtu.be/lIUEJqIDPcA

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19:42

00:00 完全互联的初创公司 04:14 你不再需要明确的内网 06:55 愿你生活在有趣的时代 10:40 无人机让暴力民主化 12:43 生物威胁也可能被民主化 15:09 AI界面解锁硬件 17:35 乐观需要创造力 -- 文字稿:http://nav.al/over USVC是AngelList的产品,我们是其创始人并持有股权。

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On Vibe Coding

29:37

00:00 A Return to Coding 03:08 The Personal App Store 06:12 Vibe Coding Is a Video Game with Real-World Rewards 10:23 Pure Software Is Uninvestable 14:09 A Place for Each Model 17:44 AI Is Eager to Please 21:58 Why Math and Coding? 24:04 The Beginning of the End of Apple’s Dominance 27:43 Coding Agents As Customer Service Reps -- Transcript: http://nav.al/code Presented by AngelList: http://angellist.com/podcast We founded AngelList and have equity in the company.

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0:55

You start with reasoning and then you build up your judgment. And then when your judgment is sufficiently refined, it just becomes taste or intuition or gut feel, and that’s what you operate on. But you have to start from the specific. If you start from the general, and stay at the level of the general—and just read books of principles and aphorisms and almanacs and so on—you’re going to be like that person that went to university: overeducated, but they’re lost. They try to apply things in the wrong places. What Nassim Taleb calls the intellectual yet idiots, IYIs. One of the tweets I was going to bring up is exactly that. From June 3rd: “Acquiring knowledge is easy. The hard part is knowing what to apply and when. That’s why all true learning is on the job. Life is lived in the arena.” Naval: I like that tweet. Actually, I just wanted to tweet, “Life is lived in the arena” and that was it. I wanted to just drop it right there. But I felt like I had to explain just a little bit more because “The man in the arena” is a famous quote, so I wanted to unpack a little bit from my direction. But this is a realization that I keep having over and over.

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1:00

"生命在竞技场中展开。你只有通过实践才能学习。如果你不去实践,那么你所学到的一切都太过笼统和抽象,就真的成了贺曼式的格言。你不知道什么在何时何地适用。 许多这类一般性原则和建议并非数学。有时你使用‘富有’这个词指代一件事,有时又指另一件事。‘财富’一词亦然。‘爱’或‘幸福’亦然。这些都是过载的术语。所以这不是数学。 这些并非精确的定义。你不能根据它们制定出一套像计算机那样照搬的行动方案。相反,你必须理解在什么情境下应用它们。所以正确的学习方式是真正去动手做事,而在做事的过程中,你会领悟到做事的正确方式。 然后你可以回头看看我发过的一条推文,或者你在多伊奇书里读到的东西,或者你在叔本华那里读到的东西,或者你在网上看到的内容,并说:‘哦,原来那个人是这个意思。这就是他谈到的一般性原则。我知道要在类似的情境下应用它——不是机械地、不是百分之百地,而是作为我再次遇到这种情况时有用的启发式方法。’"

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1:51

"Every great founder I’ve seen up close, or even from afar, is highly opinionated and they’re almost dictatorial in how they run things. Also, early-stage teams are opinionated. And the products they build are opinionated. Opinionated means they have a strong vision for what it should and should not do. If you don’t have a strong vision of what it should and should not do, then you end up with a giant mess of competing features. Jack Dorsey has a great phrase: “Limit the number of details and make every detail perfect.” And that’s especially important in consumer products. You have to be extremely opinionated. All the best products in consumer-land get there through simplicity. You could argue the recent success of ChatGPT and similar AI chatbots is because they’re even simpler than Google. Google looked like the simplest product you could possibly build. It was just a box. But even that box had limitations in what you could do. You were trained not to talk to it conversationally. You would enter keywords and you had to be careful with those keywords. You couldn’t just ask a question outright and get a sensible answer. It wouldn’t do proper synonym matching, and then it would spit you back a whole bunch of results. That was complicated. You’d have to sift through and figure out which ones were ads, which ones were real, were they sorted correctly, and then you’d have to click through and read it. ChatGPT and the chatbot simplified that even further. You just talk to it like a human—use your voice or you type and it gives you back a straight answer. It might not always be right, but it’s good enough, and it gives you back a straight answer in text or voice or images or whatever you prefer. So it simplifies what we looked at as the simplest product on the Internet, which was formerly Google, and makes it even simpler. And you just cannot make a product that’s simple enough. To be simple, you have to be extremely opinionated. You have to remove everything that doesn’t match your opinion of what the product should be doing. You have to meticulously remove every single click, every single extra button, every single setting."

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1:15

"Malcolm Gladwell popularized 10,000 hours. 10,000 hours is directionally correct, but it’s not exactly correct. It implies that if you spend 10,000 hours doing something, you get mastery. Let’s put aside whether 10,000 is the right number or not. It’s not just hours put in—it’s iterations. How many learning loops do you have that drive the learning curve? What is an iteration? An iteration is when you do something and then you look at the result; you test the result somehow—ideally against a free market, nature, or physics. Then you ask, “Did this work or not? What part of this experiment worked or not?” And then based on that, you make a new creative guess on how to improve that thing, and you do it again. The number of times you can do that rotation, that iteration, the faster you’re going to learn. That’s the curve you want to be on. Great people will distill insights from every iteration. So it’s not as simple as finding one secret. Yes, every company makes a secret bet. They have a theory as to how the world is going to work out that other people don’t necessarily have en masse, or it’s not conventional wisdom yet. But along the way, they’re going to discover thousands of insights, and each one will build upon the last, and that’s all going to be driven by the number of iterations they can do."

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1:21

"你无法修复的是动力。如果某人就是缺乏动力,如果他们不愿意全力以赴,如果他们的生活中有其他事情在发生,那么你只能在这个节点上与他们断绝关系。 一个较少被讨论的事情是,你常常会在错误的时间遇到对的人。他们只是有内在的问题——生活问题、家庭问题、健康问题、正在发生的事情——使得他们无法达到你所需要的功能水平。 这是一个令人遗憾的情况,但它经常发生。 相关的一点是:人们会说,‘哦,我筋疲力尽了。我需要休息一两个月来充电。’ 根据我的经验,这很大程度上是不正确的。通常,筋疲力尽是一个信号,表明你在做一件要么行不通、要么你根本不喜欢的工作。仅仅休息一段时间并不能解决问题。 如果你真正享受你所做的事情,通常这会给你更多的能量和动力。 也有罕见的情况——比如我知道埃隆以鞭策他的团队工作到凌晨四点、在深夜的奇怪时间召开员工会议、进行疯狂的死亡行军而闻名。这是他设定和建立的文化——这没问题。在这些情况下,我可以看到某些人会筋疲力尽。 但即使在那里,他们所说的是,‘我无法在未来维持这样的工作量。’所以即使在那里,休息也没有用,因为当你回来时,他会像之前一样让你投入工作。 所以一般来说,当有人说‘我筋疲力尽了’时,我只是将其理解为‘我想辞职。’ 即使他们自己不一定意识到这一点。"

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论人工智能

52:06

如果你想学习,从0:00开始 Vibe coding 是新的产品管理 2:13 训练模型是新的编程 6:49 传统软件工程已死?10:13 平庸没有需求 13:07 最热门的新编程语言是英语 14:12 AI适应我们的速度比我们适应它的速度更快 18:36 没有企业家担心AI抢走他们的工作 22:56 目标不是拥有一份工作 26:46 AI并非生命体 29:49 AI未能通过唯一真正的智能测试 32:55 AI的早期采用者拥有巨大优势 36:49 AI完全契合你当前的水平 39:37 始终利用最优秀的智能 43:02 如果你无法定义它,就无法编程它 44:37 解决AI焦虑的方法是行动 49:37 -- 文字记录:http://nav.al/ai

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2:27

“Recruiting is the most important thing because you need creativity; you need motivated people. Ideally, the early people are all geniuses. They’re self-managing, low-ego, hardworking, highly competent, builders, technical—maybe one or two sellers—but you can’t watch everything. You can’t micromanage everything. The early people are the DNA of the company. When you outsource recruiting, when you have other people hiring and interviewing and making hiring decisions without your direct involvement and veto, that’s a sad day. That’s the day that the company’s no longer being driven directly by you. There’s now a fly-by-wire element in between. There’s some mechanical linkage going through another human, often at a distance. And other people are not going to have the same level of selectivity that you will as a founder. The important size at which a company starts changing is not some arbitrary number, like 20 or 30 or 40. It’s the point at which the founder is not directly recruiting and managing everyone. The moment that there are middle layers of management, then you are somewhat disconnected from the company, and your ability to directly drive a product team that can take the company from zero to one goes away. So we really cannot outsource recruiting. People think you can. They hire recruiters, for example. Maybe you can outsource a little bit of sourcing, but I would even argue that’s difficult. The reason recruiting is so, so, so important—and a lot of it is obvious, I’ll skip the obvious reasons—but one non-obvious reason is that the best people truly only want to work with the best people. Working with anyone who’s not at their level is a cognitive load upon them. And the more people they’re surrounded by who are not as good as they are, the more keenly they’re aware that they belong somewhere else, or they should be doing their own thing. The best teams are mutually motivated. They reinforce each other. Everyone’s trying to impress each other. One good test is when you’re recruiting a new person, you should be able to say to them, “Walk into that room where the rest of the team is sitting. Take anyone you want—pick them at random—pull them aside for 30 minutes, and interview them. And if you aren’t impressed by them, don’t join.” When you do that test, you will instinctively flinch at the idea of them interviewing randomly a certain person that’s kind of in the back of your mind. That’s the person you need to let go. Because that’s the person keeping you from having this high-functioning team that all wants to impress each other.” Full episode: https://youtu.be/S8x978NnZSI

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